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KMID : 0362420080460050490
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Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
2008 Volume.46 No. 5 p.490 ~ p.499
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Surface characteristics and stability of implants treated with alkali and heat
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Song Yun-Seok
Cho In-Ho
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Abstract
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Statement of problem: Bioactive materials must have the ability to spontaneously form a bone like apatite layer on their surface and induce directbiochemical bonding to bone. A simple chemical treatment via alkali and heat has been revealed to induce bioactivity in titanium.
Purpose: The pur-pose of this study was to evaluate the surface characteristics and stability of alkali and heat treated implants.
Material and methods: Specimens weredivided into three groups; group 1 was the control group with machined surface implants, groups 2 and 3 were treated with alkali solutions and heattreated in the atmosphere and vacuum conditions respectively. The surface characteristics were observed with FESEM, XPS, TF-XRD and AFM.Stability was evaluated with the resonance frequency analysis, periotest and removal torque values. One-way ANOVA and Duncan test were usedfor statistical analysis.
Results: 1. Groups treated with alkali and heat showed similar characteristics. Groups 2 and 3 showed high compositions ofNa ions on the surface with sub-micron sized pores compared to group 1. Group 2 showed mixed compositions of anatase and rutile with superiorcontents of rutile. 2. Resonance frequency analysis : The ISQ of group 2 showed significantly higher values than that of groups 1 and 3 at 12 weeks.The ISQ of groups 1 and 2 showed significant increase after 4 weeks, and the ISQ of group 3 increased significantly after 2 and 4 weeks respectively(P < .05). 3. Periotest: The PTV of groups 1 and 2 showed significant decrease after 4 weeks, and the PTV of group 3 showed significant decrease af-ter 2 and 4 weeks respectively (P < .05). 4. Removal torque analysis: The removal torque value of group 2 was significantly higher than those ofgroups 1 and 3 at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The removal torque values of groups 1 and 3 showed increase at 4 and 12 weeks, but the removal torque value ofgroup 2 showed increase after 4 weeks (P < .05).
Conclusion: An oxide layer with appropriate crystal structure and amorphous sodium titanate layercan be obtained on titanium implants through alkali and heat treatment in the atmosphere, and even alkali and heat treatment in vacuum conditions,provided a bioactive surface containing sodium. These surface layers can be considered to be effective for enhancement of osseointegration and re-duction of healing period for implant treatment.
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KEYWORD
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Alkali and heat treatment, Implant stability, Resonance frequency analysis, Periotest, Removal torque analysis
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